High BP and cholesterol should be monitored carefully
High blood pressure and cholesterol levels are critical indicators of a person’s overall health. Knowing what these numbers mean is essential for preventing cardiovascular diseases and maintaining well-being. High blood pressure strains the heart and arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Simultaneously, elevated cholesterol levels can lead to arterial plaque buildup, narrowing blood vessels and raising the risk of heart disease. By understanding these numbers and their impact on heart health, one can take proactive steps, including lifestyle changes and medical intervention, to ensure a healthier, longer life.
Understanding blood pressure and how to measure it
Blood pressure measures the force of blood against artery walls as the heart pumps it through the body. When this force consistently exceeds normal levels, it results in high blood pressure or hypertension. Hypertension may show no immediate symptoms but can harm the heart over time. It forces the heart to work harder, reducing its efficiency and increasing the risk of heart conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart attacks, and heart failure. Managing blood pressure is crucial for heart health as it directly affects the heart’s workload and risk of cardiac problems.
Dr. R. R. Kasliwal, Chairman, Clinical and Preventive Cardiology , Heart Institute, Medanta, Gurugram, “Blood pressure is traditionally measured using an inflatable cuff around the arm. The cuff inflates, tightens around the arm, and then slowly releases air while a gauge records blood pressure. It’s expressed as systolic pressure (the higher number) and diastolic pressure (the lower number) in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). With home blood pressure monitors now accessible, tracking blood pressure has become convenient and enables more frequent readings, essential for trend monitoring and early issue detection, especially for those with a history of hypertension or heart concerns.”
Understanding what blood pressure levels suggest
Normal blood pressure: A healthy reading is typically around 120/80 mmHg but may vary depending on age and health conditions.
Elevated blood pressure: Readings consistently above 120/80 but below 130/80 are a warning sign to prevent hypertension.
Hypertension stage 1: Blood pressure consistently between 130/80 and 139/89 mmHg warrants lifestyle changes.
Hypertension stage 2: Readings of 140/90 mmHg or higher often require medication and lifestyle changes.
Hypertension crisis: Readings above 180/120 mmHg demand immediate medical attention to prevent severe complications.
Understanding cholesterol and its levels
Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in cells and food, crucial for bodily functions like building cell membranes and hormone production. Excess cholesterol can lead to artery plaque formation and increase heart disease risk. Genetics can influence cholesterol levels, emphasizing the importance of monitoring them, even with a healthy lifestyle.
Dr. Kasliwal says, “Cholesterol has two main types: LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein). LDL cholesterol is often referred to as “bad” cholesterol because high levels can contribute to plaque buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease. On the other hand, HDL cholesterol is considered “good” because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream, reducing the risk of heart disease. Monitoring these cholesterol numbers is crucial for maintaining heart health and preventing cardiovascular problems.”
Understanding Cholesterol numbers
Total Cholesterol: Healthy levels of cholesterol are below 200 mg/dL, including LDL and HDL cholesterol.
LDL Cholesterol: Aim for less than 100 mg/dL
HDL Cholesterol: Should be above 60 mg/dL for protecting against heart disease
Triglycerides: Elevated triglycerides can increase susceptibility to atherosclerosis
High blood pressure and high cholesterol often go hand in hand, as elevated blood pressure can damage arteries, making them prone to cholesterol plaque buildup. Managing both is essential for heart health.
Maintaining healthy cholesterol levels
To maintain healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels one should make the following lifestyle modifications such as:
Dietary changes: Reduce salt and consume fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins for better heart health. Spices like turmeric can benefit cholesterol levels.
Regular exercise: Physical activity helps manage blood pressure and cholesterol; even moderate exercise like brisk walking or yoga can make a difference.
Stress management: Stress contributes to high blood pressure. Practices like meditation, deep breathing, and mindfulness reduce stress and promote heart health.
Medication: Sometimes, healthcare providers prescribe medication to control blood pressure and cholesterol effectively. Follow the doctor’s guidance.
Regular check-ups: Scheduled visits can help one monitor their numbers, overall cardiovascular status, and treatment plan decisions.
Identifying underlying conditions that predispose to sudden cardiac arrest
The takeaway
Taking proactive steps, including lifestyle changes, monitoring, and medical guidance, can lead to a healthier, longer life. It is imperative to maintain a heart-friendly diet, exercise regularly, manage stress, and consider medication if needed. Additionally, regular check-ups with the healthcare provider are essential for tracking cardiovascular health and making informed decisions. By grasping the significance of these numbers, one can empower oneself to take control of their cardiovascular health, ensuring a longer, healthier life for the heart.
